夜鷹科

Caprimulgidae · Nightjars and Allies · 共 98 種，已記錄 2 種，1 種有照片

夜鷹科最為人熟知的，是牠們在夜裡響起、特徵鮮明的鳴聲。牠們多在夜間活動，羽色隱蔽，連卵也常帶保護色，因此許多種類的繁殖與保育現況仍所知有限。夜鷹全是只吃昆蟲的空中食蟲者，即使光線極暗也靠視覺捕捉夜行性昆蟲，巨大的嘴裂能吞下大型蛾類與蝗蟲；部分種類的雄鳥還演化出長尾羽或翅上的旗狀飾羽。

牠們的棲地從森林、荒漠到人口稠密的城市都有，美洲的 nighthawks 甚至在礫石屋頂上繁殖。多數種類把 1–2 枚卵直接產在落葉或碎石地面，不築巢、連淺坑也不刨，雙親共同孵卵育雛。全世界 98 種，《2026 臺灣鳥類名錄》收錄 2 種：普通夜鷹與南亞夜鷹。

資料來源：Birds of the World 科介紹：Winkler, D. W., S. M. Billerman, and I. J. Lovette (2024). Nightjars and Allies (Caprimulgidae), version 2.0.

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Spotted Nightjar

Eurostopodus argus

#01123

Solomons Nightjar

Eurostopodus nigripennis

#01124

New Caledonian Nightjar

Eurostopodus exul

#01125

White-throated Nightjar

Eurostopodus mystacalis

#01126

Diabolical Nightjar

Eurostopodus diabolicus

#01127

Papuan Nightjar

Eurostopodus papuensis

#01128

Archbold's Nightjar

Eurostopodus archboldi

#01129

Malaysian Eared-Nightjar

Lyncornis temminckii

#01130

毛腿夜鷹

Great Eared-Nightjar

Lyncornis macrotis

#01131

領夜鷹

Collared Nightjar

Gactornis enarratus

#01132

Nacunda Nighthawk

Chordeiles nacunda

#01133

Least Nighthawk

Chordeiles pusillus

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Sand-colored Nighthawk

Chordeiles rupestris

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Lesser Nighthawk

Chordeiles acutipennis

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Common Nighthawk

Chordeiles minor

#01137

Antillean Nighthawk

Chordeiles gundlachii

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Short-tailed Nighthawk

Lurocalis semitorquatus

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Rufous-bellied Nighthawk

Lurocalis rufiventris

#01140

Band-tailed Nighthawk

Nyctiprogne leucopyga

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Bahian Nighthawk

Nyctiprogne vielliardi

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Blackish Nightjar

Nyctipolus nigrescens

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Pygmy Nightjar

Nyctipolus hirundinaceus

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Common Pauraque

Nyctidromus albicollis

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Scrub Nightjar

Nyctidromus anthonyi

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Roraiman Nightjar

Tepuiornis whitelyi

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Swallow-tailed Nightjar

Uropsalis segmentata

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Lyre-tailed Nightjar

Uropsalis lyra

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Tschudi's Nightjar

Quechuavis decussata

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Todd's Nightjar

Setopagis heterura

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Little Nightjar

Setopagis parvula

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Cayenne Nightjar

Setopagis maculosa

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Spot-tailed Nightjar

Antiurus maculicaudus

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Band-winged Nightjar

Systellura longirostris

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White-winged Nightjar

Eleothreptus candicans

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Sickle-winged Nightjar

Eleothreptus anomalus

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White-tailed Nightjar

Hydropsalis cayennensis

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Ladder-tailed Nightjar

Hydropsalis climacocerca

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Scissor-tailed Nightjar

Hydropsalis torquata

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Long-trained Nightjar

Hydropsalis forcipata

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牙買加夜鷹

Jamaican Pauraque

Siphonorhis americana

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中美夜鷹

Least Pauraque

Siphonorhis brewsteri

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Eared Poorwill

Nyctiphrynus mcleodii

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Yucatan Poorwill

Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus

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Ocellated Poorwill

Nyctiphrynus ocellatus

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Choco Poorwill

Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi

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Common Poorwill

Phalaenoptilus nuttallii

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Chuck-will's-widow

Antrostomus carolinensis

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Rufous Nightjar

Antrostomus rufus

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Cuban Nightjar

Antrostomus cubanensis

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Hispaniolan Nightjar

Antrostomus ekmani

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Tawny-collared Nightjar

Antrostomus salvini

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Yucatan Nightjar

Antrostomus badius

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Silky-tailed Nightjar

Antrostomus sericocaudatus

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Buff-collared Nightjar

Antrostomus ridgwayi

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Eastern Whip-poor-will

Antrostomus vociferus

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Dusky Nightjar

Antrostomus saturatus

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Mexican Whip-poor-will

Antrostomus arizonae

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Puerto Rican Nightjar

Antrostomus noctitherus

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Brown Nightjar

Veles binotatus

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翎翅夜鷹

Pennant-winged Nightjar

Caprimulgus vexillarius

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Standard-winged Nightjar

Caprimulgus longipennis

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Red-necked Nightjar

Caprimulgus ruficollis

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叢林夜鷹

Jungle Nightjar

Caprimulgus indicus

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Palau Nightjar

Caprimulgus phalaena

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歐夜鷹

Eurasian Nightjar

Caprimulgus europaeus

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Sombre Nightjar

Caprimulgus fraenatus

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Rufous-cheeked Nightjar

Caprimulgus rufigena

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埃及夜鷹

Egyptian Nightjar

Caprimulgus aegyptius

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Nubian Nightjar

Caprimulgus nubicus

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Sykes's Nightjar

Caprimulgus mahrattensis

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Golden Nightjar

Caprimulgus eximius

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長尾夜鷹

Large-tailed Nightjar

Caprimulgus macrurus

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Timor Nightjar

Caprimulgus ritae

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Andaman Nightjar

Caprimulgus andamanicus

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Mees's Nightjar

Caprimulgus meesi

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Jerdon's Nightjar

Caprimulgus atripennis

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Philippine Nightjar

Caprimulgus manillensis

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Sulawesi Nightjar

Caprimulgus celebensis

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Donaldson Smith's Nightjar

Caprimulgus donaldsoni

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Fiery-necked Nightjar

Caprimulgus pectoralis

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Montane Nightjar

Caprimulgus poliocephalus

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Indian Nightjar

Caprimulgus asiaticus

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Madagascar Nightjar

Caprimulgus madagascariensis

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Swamp Nightjar

Caprimulgus natalensis

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Plain Nightjar

Caprimulgus inornatus

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Star-spotted Nightjar

Caprimulgus stellatus

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奈吉沙夜鷹

Nechisar Nightjar

Caprimulgus solala

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Chirruping Nightjar

Caprimulgus griseatus

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Freckled Nightjar

Caprimulgus tristigma

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Bonaparte's Nightjar

Caprimulgus concretus

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Salvadori's Nightjar

Caprimulgus pulchellus

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Itombwe Nightjar

Caprimulgus prigoginei

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Bates's Nightjar

Caprimulgus batesi

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Long-tailed Nightjar

Caprimulgus climacurus

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Slender-tailed Nightjar

Caprimulgus clarus

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Square-tailed Nightjar

Caprimulgus fossii